Indian as well as global agriculture will face several challenges over the coming decades because it must produce more food to feed affluent and growing populations. Improving agricultural productivity while conserving and enhancing natural resources is also another problem in Indian agriculture. The solution of aforesaid problem in changing scenario is sustainability in agriculture production. In India, rural economy suffers from poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, limited diversification of farming and degradation of natural resources such water, land and forest. Livelihood diversification is essential for poverty reduction, food security, rural livelihood security and improved income for rural farming community. This study paper mainly focused on sustainable agriculture, its roles in rural livelihood security, and major issues in sustainable agriculture, finally it discussed the government policies and institutions for securing the rural livelihood. The purpose of this paper is to explore how sustainable agriculture policies can better serve the goal of poverty reduction as well as rural livelihood security. The efforts to stimulate and support to the sustainable agricultural growth are essential for the rural livelihood security and rural development in India.