Department of Biotechnology,A.P.S. University, Rewa.

Department of Biotechnology, Govt. T.R.S. College, Rewa.

School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S. University, Rewa.

School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S. University, Rewa.
Biofertilizer ,Algae ,Rice ,Fields ,Chemical ,Nitrogen ,Algalization ,

Nitrogen is major element required by the plants for growth and development .The nitrogen is provided in the form of chemical fertilizer. Such chemical fertilizers pose health hazards and pollution problem in soil besides these are quite expensive, bringing the cost of production much higher. For the production of a good and efficient biofertilizer, first of all an efficient nitrogen fixing strain is required, then its inoculum is produced. Packing, storing and maintenance are other aspects of biofertilizer production. Algae biofertilizers are the formulation of living microorganisms which are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in the available form for plants (nitrate form) by living freely in the soil. A cyanobacteria is blue-green photoautotrophic algae, they are not compete with other plant and microorganism found in earth for carbon and other energy source. The capacity of biofertilizers is present in this type of algae because of one specialized structure found in algae called Heterocysts. Because of these structure cyanobacteria is known to contribute 70-80 kg N ha-1 per rice crop. The nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria when immobilized in polyurethane foam and sugarcane waste have significantly increased the nitrogen fixing activity and ammonia secretion. The inoculation of cyanobacteria in rice crop significantly influenced the growth of rice crop by secretion of ammonia in flood water. The use of neem cake coupled with the inculation of cyanobacteria greatly increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice crop. Algalization has been shown to ameliarate the saline alkali soils, help in the formation of soil aggregates, reduce soil compaction and narrow C:N ratio. The cyanobacteria act as supplements to fertilizer N contributing up to 60 kg N ha-1 season-1 .The increase in the crop yield varies between 30-40 percent. This is a very effective method to produce more and more rice crop. The cells of algae can be obtained with in two month from small pits. Dry parts of these cells of algae can be packed in 200-500 gm of plastic packets and use very easily in rice fields for algalization. The aim of this work is to prepare algal biofertilizer for the production of large quantity of rice crop free from any type of chemical fertilizers to safe human life.

5 , 1 , 2015