Leucopenia is thought to be characteristic findings in patients with typhoid fever. This study was carried out to detect association between Typhoid fever and Leucopenia among typhoid fever patients in Khartoum state, Sudan and to determine the relationship between them. This is descriptive case - control study conducted from March to October 2015. A total of 70 febrile patients’ who attended different hospitals. (33 males and 37 females) were enrolled. Serum specimens were tested by Widal test (tube method) for typhoid (50% positive as case and 50% negative as control)and blood specimens in EDTA container were analyzed by Sysmex Automated Machine for total white blood cells count. Generated data were analyzed using SPSS software. Out of the70 typhoid patients tested, 35(50%) were positive case and 35 (50%) were negative group as control. from positive typhoid patients case group8 (22.9%) had leucopenia, while 27 (77.1%) had normal total white blood cells count, ,while negative patients group7 (20%) had leucopenia, 28 (80%)had normal total white blood cells count. The statistical analysis showed insignificant association between typhoid fever and leucopenia. This study indicated statistical insignificant association between typhoid fever and leucopenia among febrile patients in Khartoum –Sudan.