Sexual assault (SA) is any kind of unwanted sexual contact. or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient of the unwanted sexual activity. SA may also include psychological coercion or taking advantage of an individual who is under duress, incapacitated, or unable to make decision The management of such patients is a medical emergency and a physician has to face several priorities in the management of a sexual assault patient including ensuring the immediate medical and psychosocial well-being of the patient, addressing the legalities and patient wishes with respect to legal reporting of the incident, collecting evidence, and ensuring follow-up care for the patient . The present scenario of SA in India has necessitated amendments in the existing definition of sexual assault more so after the Dec 2012 gag rape incident in New Delhi. We will also assess the risk of HIV exposure and need for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) outside the occupational setting (also known as nPEP). Health care providers must be trained to understand the topography of a SA patient, their presentation, and medical management. Not only medical personnel, the police too, must be trained to tackle such a sensitive issue .This will include medical and forensic evaluation and treatment while providing for the emotional and legal needs of the patient. The health care provider should also understand the importance of medical and forensic documentation and evidence collection unique to the SA patient.