Although the Indian economy is undergoing a major transition, the problem of infectious diseases remains a major concern for the public health of the country. Several endemic diseases, such as H1N1pdm09 and dengue, as well as recent outbreaks of H1N1pdm09 and dengue give evidence of the threat posed by emerging infections. Environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic factors all play a role in the development of risk, but when health systems are weak, resources are inadequate, and response mechanisms and preparation are inadequate, the impact can be much more severe